The Timing

Identifies: His ARRIVAL

Prophecies that constrain when the Messiah must appear. Perhaps the most apologetically powerful chain, because these prophecies close a window of history, and that window closed permanently in AD 70. After the Temple's destruction, genealogical records were lost, tribal identity dissolved, and it became impossible to verify many messianic credentials.

Prefer a guided reading plan? Start here
~1400 BC

Before the scepter departs from Judah

The scepter shall not depart from Judah until Shiloh comes

The scepter will not depart from Judah, nor the staff from between his feet, until Shiloh comes and the allegiance of the nations is his.

Genesis 49:10 (BSB)

Fulfilled in the New Testament

Luke 2:1-7

Now in those days a decree went out from Caesar Augustus that a census should be taken of the whole empire. This was the first census to take place while Quirinius was governor of Syria. And everyone went to his own town to register.

So Joseph also went up from Nazareth in Galilee to Judea, to the city of David called Bethlehem, since he was from the house and line of David. He went there to register with Mary, who was pledged to him in marriage and was expecting a child.

While they were there, the time came for her Child to be born. And she gave birth to her firstborn, a Son. She wrapped Him in swaddling cloths and laid Him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn.

The Messiah must come while Judah still holds its identity, and while the Second Temple still stands.

700+ years later
~700 BC

A messenger to prepare the way

A voice crying in the wilderness: Prepare the way of the LORD

A voice of one calling: “Prepare the way for the LORD in the wilderness; make a straight highway for our God in the desert. Every valley shall be lifted up, and every mountain and hill made low; the uneven ground will become smooth, and the rugged land a plain. And the glory of the LORD will be revealed, and all humanity together will see it. For the mouth of the LORD has spoken.” … “Behold, I will send My messenger, who will prepare the way before Me. Then the Lord whom you seek will suddenly come to His temple -the Messenger of the covenant, in whom you delight -see, He is coming,” says the LORD of Hosts.

Isaiah 40:3-5; Malachi 3:1 (BSB)

Fulfilled in the New Testament

Matthew 3:1-3

In those days John the Baptist came, preaching in the wilderness of Judea and saying, “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is near.” This is he who was spoken of through the prophet Isaiah: “A voice of one calling in the wilderness, ‘Prepare the way for the Lord, make straight paths for Him.’”

Mark 1:2-4

As it is written in Isaiah the prophet: “Behold, I will send My messenger ahead of You, who will prepare Your way.” “A voice of one calling in the wilderness, ‘Prepare the way for the Lord, make straight paths for Him.’”

John the Baptist appeared in the wilderness, preaching a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins.

John 1:23

John replied in the words of Isaiah the prophet: “I am a voice of one calling in the wilderness, ‘Make straight the way for the Lord.’”

Before the Prophet could arrive, a forerunner must appear, one in the spirit and power of Elijah.

200+ years later
~550 BC

Daniel's 70 Weeks

483 years from the decree to restore Jerusalem until Messiah the Prince

Seventy weeks are decreed for your people and your holy city to stop their transgression, to put an end to sin, to make atonement for iniquity, to bring in everlasting righteousness, to seal up vision and prophecy, and to anoint the Most Holy Place.

Know and understand this: From the issuance of the decree to restore and rebuild Jerusalem, until the Messiah, the Prince, there will be seven weeks and sixty-two weeks. It will be rebuilt with streets and a trench, but in times of distress.

Then after the sixty-two weeks the Messiah will be cut off and will have nothing. Then the people of the prince who is to come will destroy the city and the sanctuary. The end will come like a flood, and until the end there will be war; desolations have been decreed. And he will confirm a covenant with many for one week, but in the middle of the week he will put an end to sacrifice and offering. And on the wing of the temple will come the abomination that causes desolation, until the decreed destruction is poured out upon him.”

Daniel 9:24-27 (BSB)

Fulfilled in the New Testament

Luke 3:1

In the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, while Pontius Pilate was governor of Judea, Herod tetrarch of Galilee, his brother Philip tetrarch of Ituraea and Trachonitis, and Lysanias tetrarch of Abilene,

Daniel's timeline predicts the Messiah would be 'cut off', and then the city and sanctuary would be destroyed.

~550 BC

Messiah cut off before temple destruction

After 62 weeks Messiah shall be cut off, then the city and sanctuary destroyed

Then after the sixty-two weeks the Messiah will be cut off and will have nothing. Then the people of the prince who is to come will destroy the city and the sanctuary. The end will come like a flood, and until the end there will be war; desolations have been decreed.

Daniel 9:26 (BSB)

Fulfilled in the New Testament

Matthew 27:50-51

When Jesus had cried out again in a loud voice, He yielded up His spirit. At that moment the veil of the temple was torn in two from top to bottom. The earth quaked and the rocks were split.

~520 BC

While the Second Temple stands

The Lord will come to His temple; the glory of the latter house greater

For this is what the LORD of Hosts says: “Once more, in a little while, I will shake the heavens and the earth, the sea and the dry land. I will shake all the nations, and they will come with all their treasures, and I will fill this house with glory, says the LORD of Hosts. The silver is Mine, and the gold is Mine, declares the LORD of Hosts. The latter glory of this house will be greater than the former, says the LORD of Hosts. And in this place I will provide peace, declares the LORD of Hosts.” … “Behold, I will send My messenger, who will prepare the way before Me. Then the Lord whom you seek will suddenly come to His temple -the Messenger of the covenant, in whom you delight -see, He is coming,” says the LORD of Hosts.

Haggai 2:6-9; Malachi 3:1 (BSB)

Fulfilled in the New Testament

Luke 2:27-32

Led by the Spirit, he went into the temple courts. And when the parents brought in the child Jesus to do for Him what was customary under the Law, Simeon took Him in his arms and blessed God, saying:

“Sovereign Lord, as You have promised, You now dismiss Your servant in peace. For my eyes have seen Your salvation, which You have prepared in the sight of all people, a light for revelation to the Gentiles, and for glory to Your people Israel.”

Luke 19:41-44

As Jesus approached Jerusalem and saw the city, He wept over it and said, “If only you had known on this day what would bring you peace! But now it is hidden from your eyes. For the days will come upon you when your enemies will barricade you and surround you and hem you in on every side. They will level you to the ground—you and the children within your walls. They will not leave one stone on another, because you did not recognize the time of your visitation from God.”

The Messiah must enter the Second Temple, and Daniel's prophecy pinpoints exactly when he would arrive.

100+ years later
~430 BC

The spirit of Elijah would precede Him

Elijah would come before the great day of the LORD

Behold, I will send you Elijah the prophet before the coming of the great and awesome Day of the LORD. And he will turn the hearts of the fathers to their children, and the hearts of the children to their fathers. Otherwise, I will come and strike the land with a curse.”

Malachi 4:5-6 (BSB)

Fulfilled in the New Testament

Matthew 11:13-14

For all the Prophets and the Law prophesied until John. And if you are willing to accept it, he is the Elijah who was to come.

Matthew 17:10-13

The disciples asked Him, “Why then do the scribes say that Elijah must come first?”

Jesus replied, “Elijah does indeed come, and he will restore all things. But I tell you that Elijah has already come, and they did not recognize him, but have done to him whatever they wished. In the same way, the Son of Man will suffer at their hands.”

Then the disciples understood that He was speaking to them about John the Baptist.

Luke 1:16-17

Many of the sons of Israel he will turn back to the Lord their God. And he will go on before the Lord in the spirit and power of Elijah, to turn the hearts of the fathers to their children and the disobedient to the wisdom of the righteous—to make ready a people prepared for the Lord.”

The Cumulative Portrait

The Messiah must come while Judah's tribal identity is intact, while the Second Temple still stands (before AD 70), after a forerunner appears, and within the timeframe of Daniel's 70 weeks (~AD 30-33). After AD 70, with the Temple destroyed, genealogical records lost, and Judah's tribal structure dissolved, the window opened, a single figure walked through it, and the window closed permanently.

New Testament Fulfillment

Jesus appeared during the precise window: while Judah still had tribal identity under Rome, while the Second Temple stood, after John the Baptist (the Elijah-figure forerunner), and within Daniel's calculated timeframe. He was crucified ~AD 30-33, and the Temple was destroyed in AD 70, exactly as Daniel 9:26 predicted the sequence. History records no other figure from that era who claimed to be the Messiah and was 'cut off.'